This Document Discusses The Narrative Of One Of The Most

This document discusses the narrative of one of the most recognizable civil rights advocates, and the most famous African American abolitionist during the antebellum period of America s history, Fredrick Douglass. The excerpt is taken from one of the versions of Douglass’s autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, published in 1845-era Boston, Massachusetts. The original version of this excerpt could be found in his autobiography from pages 39 – 43. This excerpt discusses the life of the famous abolitionist from the time he was a boy, to the time he had become a full-grown adult who was influenced by various life experiences and knowledge. This document is likely intended for various individuals, from†¦show more content†¦The work of â€Å"The Columbian Orator† was described by Douglass himself as likely a work of literature wrapped with the features of a pro-abolitionist leaning. The document preached the end goal of many antebellum-era abolitionists at the time of Douglass s eventual rise; wanting to have a moral compromise of American slaveholders actually believing that their slaves were intelligent human beings (like the slave in the story), and not â€Å"inferior, idiotic beings† who s only fit for being the property of those who were â€Å"superior.† Douglass was also influenced by the remarks of British politician, Richard B. Sheridan. As he read the documents, he noted the â€Å"bold denunciation of slavery, and a powerful vindication of human rights† (VoF, 208) by Sheridan. The written-to-documents speeches opened up a progressive fiber of ideas that were not a part of him when he was not able to read. These speeches allowed him â€Å"to utter my thoughts, and to meet the arguments brought forward to sustain slavery;...† (VoF, 208) It also awoken in him, along with â€Å"The Columbian Orator,† anger towards the injustices brought by theShow MoreRelatedThe Narrative Of Olaudah Equiano And Gustavus Vassa, The African869 Words   |  4 PagesThe Interesting Narrative of The Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself told the story of a man’s personal experience of being kidnapped from his home in present day Nigeria, being forced into slavery, and then eventually buy ing his own freedom all while discovering his true self along the way. Despite the story giving many people around the world an inside look at how brutal the slave trade really was, it caused great controversy. 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Lymphoma Free Essays

Lymphomas are a group of malignant tumors (cancers) that develop from lymphatic tissues and specifically from proliferating lymphocytes.   They are of three types, namely Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma (which can also be considered as a type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma).   The incidence of lymphoma in the US is about 64, 000 every year, and more than 493, 000 are living with the disease (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Lymphoma or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a unique malignant condition in which the lymphoid tissues present throughout the body are involved (undergo painless enlargement), and is characterized by the presence of certain tumor known as ‘Reed-Sternberg cells’ (Mackie and Ludlam 1996).   The incidence of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the US is about 7, 500 annually (Portlock and Yahalom 2000).   Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are a group of cancerous tumors that arises from the lymphoid tissues and is characterized by the malignant multiplication and growth of the lymphocytes. The Reed-Sternberg cells are absent.   Non-Hodgkin’s can develop in almost any site of the body such as the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, digestive tract, brain, etc.   70 % of all lymphomas belong to the non-Hodgkin’s variety (Mackie and Ludlam 1996), and about 50, 000 people developed this condition in the US in 1997 (Shipp and Harris 2000).   Burkitt’s lymphoma is an aggressive variant of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that arises from the B-lymphocytes.   It is associated with the EB virus, and more often occurs in young children (Mackie and Ludlam 1996). The exact cause of Lymphomas and the manner in which the disease occurs is still not understood properly.   Several factors including immunodeficiency states (which may be congenital or acquired), infectious diseases, chemical substances (including certain drugs, solvents, pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, etc), physical agents, autoimmune conditions, etc, may be associated with the disease (Shipp and Harris 2000).   In immune disorders, the body’s defense mechanism is compromised, and persistent antigenic stimulation may result in the development of lymphomas. In several congenital disorders, such as Wiscott-Alcridge syndrome, common variable immunodeficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency may be related with certain lymphomas.   Several acquired immune disorders such as post-transplant states, AIDS, administration of immunosuppressant, etc, may be associated with lymphomas.   Individuals suffering from various autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Sjogren’s syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc, may be associated with lymphomas. Several infectious agents such as H. pylori, EB virus, HTL Virus-1, Hepatitis C virus, Kaposi’s Sarcoma-causing virus (that is linked to the HIV virus) may be associated with the development of lymphomas (Shipp and Harris 2000). Genetic factors also play a very important role ion the development of lymphomas, as the incidence is higher in siblings (than ordinary population) and identical twins (compared to non-identical twins) (Portlock and Yahalom 2000). The tumor cells present in Hodgkin’s lymphoma is known as ‘Reed-Sternberg cells’ (large in size with 2 nucleus) which may be present in lower numbers compared to other inflammatory cells.   Based on the amount and the manifestations of the Reed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin’s lymphoma can be classified into 4 types.   As the number of Reed-Sternberg cells increases and the lymphocytes drop, the diseases progresses, spreads to several areas of the body (including the extra-nodal sites) and has a poorer outcome (Portlock and Yahalom 2000). Various modalities are currently utilized to stop and fight the disease namely, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, immunotherapy, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, and gene therapy (ehealth MD 2004).   These individual modalities may be required alone or in combination with each other to effectively treat the disease and reduce the adverse-effects. Chemotherapy is the administration of certain agents (usually utilizing multiple drugs) into the blood that destroys the cancerous cells and reduces their uncontrollable multiplication (Shipp and Harris 2000).   Radiotherapy is administered to the affected site to shrink the size of the tumor by destroying cancerous cells.   Both these therapies may be required in combination with each other (ehealth MD 2004).   Bone marrow transplantations are performed to replace the bone marrow affected with the chemotherapy and replace with healthy tissue that can restore the WBC counts (Mackie and Ludlam 1996). Immunotherapy is a treatment modality in which certain substances known as ‘cytokines’ are administered which stimulate the white blood cells to capture and destroy the cancerous cells.   Some of the cytokines that are frequently utilized include interferon and interleukin.   Monoclonal antibodies can also be administered that help the body’s defense cells to fight the cancerous cells.   They usually attach themselves to the cancerous cells, which are later identified and destroyed by the white blood cells. Vaccines are also being manufactured that could prevent infections associated with lymphoma.   Angiogenesis Inhibitors are medications that prevent the formation of new blood vessels in the body.   They can be administered locally in the area of the tumor, such that the blood vessels that feed the tumor are destroyed.   In this way the cancerous cells are deprived of nutrition and may slowly degenerate.   Gene therapy involves correcting the defect in the DNA so that the cancerous cells do not multiply uncontrollably, or certain molecules are attached which cause the cancerous cell to die (ehealth MD 2004). References: E-Health MD. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2007 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/lymphoma/NHL_treatment.html Mackie, MJ, Ludlam, CA 1996. Diseases of the Blood. Edwards, CRW, Bouchier, IAD, Haslett, C, editors Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine. 17th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 815-821. Portlock, CS, Yahalon, J 2000. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Goldman, L, Bennett, JC, editors Textbook of Medicine. 21st ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. p. 969-977. Shipp, MA, Harris NL 2000. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas. Goldman, L, Bennett, JC, editors Textbook of Medicine. 21st ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. p. 962-969. The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2007 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=7030                How to cite Lymphoma, Essay examples

How The New England Colonist Altered The Enviornment Essay Example For Students

How The New England Colonist Altered The Enviornment Essay How the New England Colonists` Altered the New England Environment In Changes in the Land, William Cronon points out the European colonists` pursuits of a capitalistic market and the impact it had on the New England ecosystem. Native Americans and colonists had different views on the use of land resources. The Natives viewed the land as something not owned, but as a resource to sustain life. They believe in a hunting-gathering system, hunting only when necessary. In the long run Native Americans lost their old traditions and were forced to adapt to the colonists` traditions in order to survive. This change contributed even more to the alteration of the ecosystem during the colonization period. In contrast, colonists viewed the land as capitalistic market in which they used more of the land resources without taking into consideration that one day they would run out of resources. Before the colonists arrived in New England land resources were in abundance. The only ones to use these resources were the Natives, but the type of resources they used where divided in regions. Northern Indians lived entirely as hunter-gatherers, while the Indians south of the Kennebec River raised crops. (p.38) Even though the Indians used a large amount of the land resources it had very little affect on the land because of techniques in which they regained some of the land resources each season. The Southern Indians changed their farming spot each season; this actually allowed the land to recuperate and become fertile once more. Rather than raising crops all year the Indians only planted in March and June. They also used their fields to plant more than one crop; such crops included corn, beans, squash, pumpkin, and tobacco. Grain made up half of their diet; this gave the natives an advantage because grain could be easily stored for the winter. They also planted crops that fertilized the land with resources that were lost with the plantation of other plants. Indians raised crops moderately; they cultivated enough to live off of without exhausting the land. Northern Indians depended on hunting and gathering. During the spring they lived near the river which allowed them to catch fish, whales and seals. Children would catch birds and bird eggs for food. They kept their hunting to a moderation which allowed animal populations to be sustained. They also ate native plants such as strawberries, raspberries, and other wild plants. During the months of October through March Indians moved to the forest where they hunted beaver, moose and deer. They tried to use every part of the animals they hunted; they used the animals skin as clothing and their bones as tools. Certain tribes had rules on what to do with left over animal parts. They kept population from increasing in the winter by not storing enough food, which caused some Indians to die during the winter. They also set big forest fires during the summer and fall, which in the long run increased nutrients in the soil. An abundance of grass for the animals made the soil warmer and drier, which allowed oak trees to grow. When the colonists arrived everything changed, the land began to be altered. As more and more colonists came to New England they began to see things that no longer existed in their mother country, such as an abundance of trees and unused rich land. The colonists viewed Indians as idiots who did not take advantage of the rich land they had. Colonists tended to promote New England as best as possible in order to increase the amount of colonists who immigrated to the New World. .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .postImageUrl , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:hover , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:visited , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:active { border:0!important; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:active , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Children Arts (Importance of Scribling) Essay (p.34) This caused over population that forced the colonists to cut down forests in order to make more room for new homes and also to get more supplies of wood to build their homes. The clearing of the forest had consequences; weather conditions that did not damage the land now began to have great affects on it. The clearing of the trees made the land become dry right after a big storm due to the lack trees that kept the land moist. Creeks and rivers no longer formed because of overexposure to sunlight. The wind also began to have a great affect in the land. The trees that once stopped the dry wind from hitting the ground and damaging it were no longer there to prevent this. Due to this, the land began to loose its richness in fertility; became dry and hard making it more difficult to harvest. The surface of the land also became extremely hot in the summer and very cold in the winter. (p.122) The land was no longer capable of consuming any water; this caused all the water from the rainfall to over flood the rivers that did exist. Colonists harvested in large amounts. They believed in using all the resources of the land. They stayed on the same piece of land until the land was no longer fertile. In other words they drained it dry. This practice of draining the land dry made the recuperation process of the land longer and harder. On occasions some land never regained the richness it once held. This made Southern Indians lives` more complicated, no longer allowed to live in the old traditional ways. By this time the Indians saw resources dwindling.By this time the colonists had been introduced to the marketing of animal furs to their motherland. As the fur market increased, the population of animals decreased which meant less food for the Northern Indians who hunted. This was one of the big factors that lead to the Indians integration into the capitalistic market. Colonists` would offer Indians worthless items in exchange for beaver, deer, moose, bear skin and fur. These items became very popular among the Natives, which caused more and more of them to hunt these tradable goods in vast amounts. That also contributed to the decrease of certain animal populations. As Indians traded with colonists` more and more Natives began to interact with New Englanders. This may have seemed good at the time, but in the long run this relationship greatly affected the Indian population. As more and more colonists immigrated to New England more of them began to bring their domestic animals to the new country. In doing this they wanted to create a replica of the motherland in New England; This had big affects in the ecosystem. It was at this point that death among natives began to increase. Due to exposure to foreign animals natives began to get sicknesses of the mother country. The common cold would lead them to their death. Domestic animals began to eat the native plants and in their place foreign plants would grow. Small animals such as the gray rat, mosquitos, Hessian and black fly, cockroaches, honeybee, mice and worms became common in New England. (p.153) ?There were even mammalian weeds. ?(p.153) These new insects would damage the natives harvest; domestic animals` such as cows would roam around freely and also damage the Native crops that would create tension between both populations. (p.130) This lead to the enforcement of territory distribution among Natives and colonists`. (p.130) In Changes in the land, we see how populations of Natives and the environment have gone through a drastic change. The introduction of a capitalistic market increased the value of furs and animal skins that caused deer, moose and beaver populations to decrease in a short time period. Cutting down trees led to drastic weather changes on the land; the weather suddenly began damaging the land. .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .postImageUrl , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:hover , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:visited , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:active { border:0!important; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:active , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Salem Witch Trials Essay Rainfall caused rivers to flood and causing snow to freeze and harden the land. Domestic animals began to bring Old World sicknesses to New England that caused the Indians sickness and eventually caused death. This lead to the decrease of the Indian population in a short time period. As we see colonization had a drastic affect in the ecosystem that helps us understand why things are as they are, this helps us to understand and think about how our actions may affect us in the long run. Sociology Essays